Recently, a team of physicians at the New York Downtown Hospital announced that they had received approval from their institutional review board to attempt the first uterus transplant in the world from a cadaver donor. Unlike most organ transplants, the point of a uterus transplant would not be to save a life. Uterus transplants would be attempted only to improve the recipient’s quality of life: they would allow her to give birth. This very different risk-benefit calculation raises many ethical questions.