Ever since the 1970s, I had become addicted to reading a leading demography journal, the Population and Development Review. About four or five years ago, I began noticing a shift in its articles. There were far fewer on population limitation. Save for the poorest countries, most other developing nations had seen a sharp decline in birthrates and family size over the previous twenty years. The new emphasis was on the exceedingly low birthrates that had begun to appear in most developed countries by the late 1980s. Some nations are, in fact, facing a severe decline in population over the next few decades. The goal was and remains zero-population growth, taken to be 2.1 babies per woman, on average, but where previously the aim of many groups was to get down to ZPG, the new emphasis was on getting birthrates back up to it.