In 2006, the U.S. and European endocrinological societies announced a significant change in nomenclature for those born with atypical sex anatomy. Tracing the history of the terminology applied to those with atypical sex anatomy reveals how these conditions have been narrowly cast as problems of gender to the neglect of broader health concerns. By raising the possibility of rethinking what counts as a medical concern, the new terminology can help to refocus medical care on lifelong health; it could not only contribute to improving medical care but also to promoting attention to affected individuals’ quality of life.